Conversion coatings are coating layers applied to the surface of a metal substrate to enhance its appearance and improve physical and chemical properties, such as corrosion resistance and paint ...

A phosphate conversion coating is a type of protective coating that is applied to metal surfaces. The coating is created by a chemical reaction between the metal surface and a phosphoric acid solution ...

Many new materials have been developed, but steel remains the principal construction material for automobiles, appliances, and industrial machinery. Because of steel's vulnerability to attack by ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

The powder coatings market, valued at $17.37B in 2024, will reach $28.70B by 2033, growing at 5.74% CAGR during ...