Modern measurement techniques allow researchers to gather ever more data in less time. In many cases, however, the primary or raw data have to be further analyzed, be it for the verification of a ...

In networking and communications, the formats, codes and procedures for transmitting a unit of data (frame, packet) from one node to another. Known as a "layer 2 protocol," the data link protocol is ...

In some cases, applications can be based upon industry-accepted standards, as shown in Figure 10-27. For example, for devices that need to be able to connect to other devices to transfer data or to ...