Mathematical methods and special functions have long served as the backbone of modern theoretical physics and applied mathematics. These tools enable researchers to solve complex differential ...

“There are five fundamental operations in mathematics,” the German mathematician Martin Eichler supposedly said. “Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modular forms.” Part of the joke, ...

Abstract A new characterization of the exact minimax penalty function method is presented. The exactness of the penalization for the exact minimax penalty function method is analyzed in the context of ...