Learn how representative samples and random samples differ and why combining them minimizes sampling bias for accurate data.

Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing biological questions. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely used for metabolic characterization, including ...

Sample size calculations for a continuous outcome require specification of the anticipated variance; inaccurate specification can result in an underpowered or overpowered study. For this reason, ...

The authors present a simple way to qualify a swab-sampling procedure for its ability to recover residues of a small-molecule API from cleaned equipment surfaces. Spiking studies were specifically ...

This article discusses reduced sampling and testing of starting materials or components. Different strategies are presented to reduce the workload at the steps from sampling to release. Viewpoints ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

In three experiments, subjects estimated the duration of a brief visual image (iconic memory) either directly by adjusting onset of a click to offset of the visual image, or indirectly with a Sperling ...