Although a large number of papers have been published evaluating prognostic factors in cancer (Cannistra, 2000), TNM-staging is still the most important tool used to estimate prognosis for lung cancer ...

Why do some systems collapse suddenly after what seems like a minor disturbance? A single transmission line failure can cascade into widespread blackouts. A delayed shipment can ripple through a ...

Complex systems – from ecosystems and power grids to supply chains and social networks – can sometimes collapse or surge unexpectedly after minor disturbances. Why do some systems collapse suddenly ...

Biodiversity is dynamic: in many ecosystems, population sizes fluctuate — sometimes strongly — over time. Simulation: fluctuating growth, limits from interactions, and a steady trickle of immigration ...