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A central pattern generator (CPG) is a neuronal network in which interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons produce an oscillating, rhythmic output in the absence of sensory feedback. CPGs play ...

Sleep happens in cycles that include three non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stages and one rapid eye movement (REM) stage, repeated 4 to 5 times nightly. Each cycle typically lasts 90 to 110 minutes. The ...