This simulation demonstrates a 4-bit hexadecimal counter counting from 0 to F (0000 to 1111 in binary) and repeating continuously. The counter’s four output bits (Q₀–Q₃) toggle at different frequencies — each bit running at half the frequency of the previous one, creating a binary count pattern. These outputs are connected to a BCD/Hex-to-7-segment decoder IC, which converts the binary values into signals that light up the corresponding segments of the 7-segment display. As the clock pulses are